County Tipperary occupies a broad strip of inland Ireland between Lough Derg and the River Shannon to the west, the River Suir to the South and the Little Brosna River on the northeast. The county is largely hilly with rich farmland in the valleys.

The Galtee and Knockmealdown Mountains lie in the south of the county with lower hills to the north. Greatest elevation is Galtymore at 917 metres. Although having no coastline the county hosts large flocks of waders, wildfowl and Greenland White-fronted Geese in winter and spring on its northern boundary at the Little Brosna Callows and Lough Derg.

Clonmel in the south and Navan in the NorthWest are the largest centres of population. Whilst the main industries are associated with agriculture and horse breeding, others such as chemicals and medical appliances are important.